فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 49، بهار 1401)

Given the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents, identifying adjustable factors that lead to healthy eating behavior can be an important issue. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the function of retrospective and prospective memory and the role of emotional disorder among adolescent girls with mental anorexia, overweight and normal weight. The target population included all 13-18 year-old girls in Shiraz, included a sample of 15 people in each group by clustering method from 4 schools and based on students' scores in the nutrition attitude questionnaire in the relevant groups. To gather information, Smith et al.'s (2000) prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire and the standard questionnaire of Carner's et al.'s (1979) attitude and the difficult questionnaire for regulating the excitement of Gratz and Romer (2004) were used. One-way and follow-up analysis of variance tests were used to investigate the differences between the means. The findings show that the average performance of retrospective memory in the normal group is significantly different from the overweight and anorexia nervosa group(P<./001).. There was also a significant difference between the groups studied in the performance of prospective memory and emotional disorder(P<./001).. Overweight and anorexia nervosa groups differed significantly from normal group in the indicators of prospective, retrospective, and emotional memory function. So paying attention to these issues can play an important role in the pathology of eating disorders.

The institution of the family is the place of growth and formation of human personality and has a lasting effect throughout human life, so the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the main family's health and mindfulness with sacrificial behaviors, equity perception and marital commitment in married female students in Ahwaz.

The statistical population of this research included all married female students in Ahvaz city during the academic year of 2018-2019. Measurement tools included standardized questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The reliability of family-of- origin health, mindfulness, sacrificial behaviors, equity perception and marital commitment based on Cronbach's alpha were 0.93, 0.89, 0.94. 0.70 and 0.85, respectively.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the family's main health and sacrificial behaviors and marital commitment and there is no significant relationship with equity perception, Also, there is a significant relationship between mindfulness with sacrificial behaviors and marital commitment and there is no meaningful relationship with equity perception. It has been shown that in the first set, the family's primary health is strongly correlated with the first canonical variable(0.991). Therefore, it seems that the first conical variable more reflects the health of the original family. In the second set, sacrificial behaviors have the highest correlation with the first canonical variable(0.663).

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that a person with more family health has more sacrificial behaviors.

Over the past few decades, the innstitutionof the family, influenced by the process of modernity, has undergone profound changes at both the objective level – structural and subjective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the mechanism and dynamism of family values ​​in Ilam. The method used is a sequential combination research method. The study population of this study were couples of two decades (1365-1375 and 1385-1695) living in Ilam that based on purposive sampling method (qualitative part) and random (quantitative part) the required information was collected. In the exploratory (qualitative) part of the research, 110 concepts, 23 component categories and 27 major categories were extracted, and the nuclear category, which is a theory discovery, was introduced as a modern and fragile family. The results show that the evolution of family values ​​between the two generations is evident in the areas of spouse selection, lifestyle, family traditions, and children. As a result of the family; It is moving towards a modern and fragile family.The findings of the quantitative section, while confirming the results of the qualitative section, indicate that family values ​​in recent decades in Ilam have been influenced by the process of modernity and its consequences and during the process of transformation of values ​​with the focus on fading traditions.

Today, Women comprise about half of the international migration flows. This weighting of men’s and women’s migration has been one of the most important recent migration developments that has attracted the attention of immigration researchers since the 1970s. The present study has investigated the trends, types, and characteristics of international migration of women in accordance with the latest statics and reports of international organizations. The results showed that this trend can be studied in the context of globalization and gender. In particular, globalization has greatly increased the demand for cheap and obedient female labor. Women may migrate freely or under duress. Also for women, the motivation for immigration can be freedom from discrimination and gender norms. Creating equal opportunities for women in international mobility and obtaining appropriate economic and social opportunities without gender stereotypes can be seen as an example of development. Although women in this process may also have to face challenges. On the one hand, the gender division of labor in the global economy, and on the other, gender stereotypes, put the immigrant interests of women in greater risk than men. Illegal female immigrants as well as unskilled immigrant women are more likely to be affected.

The New Home Economy is known for the founding of the early literature by Samuelson and its expansion by Becker. The existence of proven correlations between the decision to marry with strategic variables such as marriage rate, birth rate, marriage age, and divorce rate undoubtedly highlights the importance of identifying marital desire behaviors in order to influence other important social categories. The present study, while introducing the marital desire index as an explanatory component of the status of family formation and dissolution, is trying to examine the macroeconomic factors affecting this index.

ARDL method was used to estimate the research model and while performing related tests, the results were presented in both short and long term.

The results show that the growth of GDP in the short and long term has a positive and significant effect on the marital desire index. In the short and long term, the Gini coefficient and income inequality inequality has a negative and significant effect on the marital desire index. Unemployment rate and inflation rate at least in the short term have a positive and significant effect on the marital desire index. Inflation also has a positive effect on the marital desire index in the long run.

We can expect that in periods of economic prosperity, married to rise despite high rates of inflation lasting negative effects on the purchasing power of households on welfare and leaves.

This study investigates the relationship between the number of sports-bodybuilding activities with body management in women in Tabriz. Body management means manipulating the appearance of the body. The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population was 1486 women participating in sports-bodybuilding activities in Tabriz. A sample of 205 people was selected based on Morgan's table. The sampling method was probabilistic cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the number of sports-bodybuilding activities with the amount of body management and weight control and health components in Tabriz women with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.47 and 0.52 and significance level of 0.001, respectively. There was no significant difference between the number of sports activities with the number of surgical components, body management cosmetics, marital status and level of education. There was a significant inverse relationship between the age of Tabriz women and body management with Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.16 and significance level of 0.021. The rate of body management was significantly higher among employed women than non-employed women. Sports activities such as bodybuilding are concrete examples of the body's social structure that explicitly allows individuals to improve their behavior by mastering physical skills. Therefore, women can manage their body by using sports activities and achieve the desired result by controlling and the amount of activity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self - efficacy training on emotional Cognitive Adjustment and Student's Stress in Secondary School Students. The population of the study consisted of all high school girl students in shiraz in academic year2019-2020. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (N=15) and control group (N=15). Garnefski et al.'s (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale and Ang & Huan (2006)Academic Expectations Stress Inventory AESI were used to collect data. After performing the pre-test of the experimental group for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, they received self-efficacy training in a group manner. Self-efficacy training significantly increases adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (positive refocus, positive reassessment, acceptance and refocus on planning) (p<0.01) and reduces academic stress (self-expectations , parents-expectations ,teachers-expectations) of girls students (p <0.01). Self-efficacy training program can be considered as an intervention program at the level of target groups and the general population of school counseling centers. Self-efficacy training program increase the productivity of the learning environment by increasing adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies And reduce students' academic stress.

In the contemporary societies, especially in modern societies, the appearance is so important and body and face appearance one of considerable for gaining beauty and attraction, especially for women. Beauty and make up for being beauty is a phenomenon that now-a-days is very important in societies. The extension of new makeup patterns and the increasing tendency of young women and girls to use these accessories is one of the issues that is considerable to be investigated. Accordingly, this study has been investigated the reasons of female students' tendency to make-up patterns and accessories. This study is an applied one that qualitative approach and thematic analysis method was used to answer the research questions. The statistical population of this study consisted of women students of Yasouj University in the semester of 2016-2017, from which 30 sample cases were selected via purposive sampling method. Data analysis was done by categorization method. The results showed that the most important reasons for students' tendency to make-up's patterns and accessories were "gender attitude and identity", "fashionistic function of mass media", "being reference and influence of peer group", "internal concerns", and "duality of men's appearance orientation and moralism". These categorizes showed that identity, new media, advertisement industry via mass media, psychological and social interaction are main important reasons for using make up patterns and accessories among female students.

The aim of this research is , survey of effects imortantns indexes to body managment especially among the youth and women. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine the most important components affecting this important to pave the way for useful measures in this field. This research is a descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population of this study was women who visited beauty clinics, hairdressers and sports clubs. In this study, 266 women aged 15 to 55 years were selected as available samples. The data of this study were collected using the researcher-made questionnaire for independent variables and the standard questionnaire (MBSRQ) for the dependent variable of body management and the descriptive and inferential statistical methods (multiple regression) were analyzed using SPSS23 software. Findings from multiple regression showed that the variables of aura (P <0/001), self-perception (P <0/001), body as social capital (P <0/001) had the greatest effect on body management. It has significant meanings, followed by the object-oriented variables (P <0669) and the variables.The use of social media (P <0.056) did not have a significant effect on body management variables. The results showed that the variables of aura, self-perception and the body as social capital have an effect on body management.

Behavioral settings, as areas of urban life, can play an important role in the civic life experience of specific user groups, including women. This study seeks to investigate the factors and components affecting the presence of women with an emphasis on "environmental perception" in behavioral settings. The present research is of applied type and its research method is descriptive-analytical. After formulating the theoretical framework with the help of reviewing previous research, the results have been tested using the "quantitative survey" method and with the help of a questionnaire and using the Likert spectrum. A case study is the Goldasht Ma'ali Abad neighborhood, and in order to survey the status of women's presence in the neighborhood's behavioral settings and the factors influencing it, 376 questionnaires were distributed and collected among women present in the neighborhood spaces. Data were analyzed in SPSS software environment using Friedman tests, correlation and regression. The findings show that the desirability of the behavioral base and the optimal perception of the urban environment have a significant effect on the presence of women in the urban space and there is a significant correlation between the desirability of the behavioral settings and the perception of the environment with strong intensity.

Pregnancy and postpartum are the most sensitive periods in a woman's life. This period is as important physically as it is physically and psychologically. Sleep disorders and depression are common complaints during pregnancy. These disorders, which occur as a result of physiological and hormonal changes in pregnancy, have different causes and can be the cause of many disorders during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explain the role of nocturnal rumination and mindfulness in predicting depression and insomnia. The population included women referring to gynecology and obstetrics clinics in Tehran, 136 of whom were selected by convenience sampling. In order to collect data, questionnaires of insomnia severity, Edinburgh depression, pre-sleep arousal and revised cognitive-emotional scale of mindfulness were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 software. There was a positive relationship between insomnia and arousal before sleep and depression in pregnant women. Also, nocturnal rumination has a positive relationship with both variables of depression during pregnancy and insomnia and mindfulness has a negative relationship with both depression during pregnancy and insomnia.The results of the present study show that the rate of depression decreases with the reduction of ruminant thought processes, and mindful interventions on insomnia and depression improve and regulate stress and mental states in the prenatal period.

Increasing efficiency is one of the important goals of manufacturers. Social capital is one of the factors affecting efficiency. But the results of some studies have shown that social capital can be different in men and women, so the aim of this research is to investigate gender differences in relation to factors affecting efficiency with emphasis on social capital in in the Social Security Organization of Shiraz City.

the statistical society of this research includes official employees of Shiraz City’s Social Security organization and 200 people of employees (man and woman) has been sampled by random sampling method. Questionnaire was used to gather data. SPSS and AMOS software, Structural Equation Method, Levin Test and T test of two independent groups are used in order to analyze data and testing hypothesizes.

The results showed there is not significant difference in men and women’s social capital and between men and women's structural dimension and men and women's communication dimension of research. But there is a meaning different between men and women’s cognitive dimension. Also findings show that social capital and its behavioral dimension have a positive effect on men and women’s efficiency. while, cognitive dimension has no effect on women’s efficiency, this dimension has had most effect on men’s efficiency.The structural dimension has no effect on men's efficiency but has a positive effect on women's efficiency as well, the results show that social capital has positive and meaning effect on men and women’s efficiency indirectly through organizational creativity

The present study was conducted with the aim of meta-analysis of research conducted in the field of divorce factors. The research population is all the researches that have been done in the form of articles and dissertations in the database of Noor specialized journals, database of Iranian publications, comprehensive portal of humanities and Irandak in the field of factors affecting divorce. Of these, 14 studies were identified and recorded as appropriate. Excel software and the second version of CMA software were used for analysis. In the study of economic variables, in the fixed model, the effect size was equal to -0.125 and significant and in the random model was equal to -0.115 and was not significant. The magnitude of the effect of social factors in the fixed model was equal to 0.292 and in the random model was equal to 0.303, both of which were significant. In the study of cultural factors in the fixed model the effect size was -0.117 and was not significant and in the random model was -0.011. In the study of individual factors in the fixed model the effect size was -0.149 and was not significant and in the random model was -0.111 was not significant. The results, in general, showed that there was heterogeneity in all four groups studied. The results of Egger regression test in four economic, social, cultural and individual categories indicate no significant deviation from the regression line and consequently no bias.

A study of the history of Iran shows that the issue of motherhood and the extent to which it can affect a woman's social status and status has not been much discussed and in-depth and methodical research has not been done. Maternal identity is a neglected issue whose dimensions are unknown. The status and manner of maternal identity depends on recognizing the elements and conditions of identity building. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and social support with maternal identity among women in Isfahan. The study is a quantitative and descriptive-correlational survey. The sample size was 667 people and using quota sampling, the population share of each region of Isfahan was determined and married women in each region were randomly selected. A researcher-made questionnaire with confirmed face validity and reliability was used to collect information. Data analysis was performed by correlation and structural equation modeling. Findings show that women's maternal identity is at a moderate to high level (average 3.6 out of 5). The lifestyle of most women is semi-traditional / modern. The results of the structural model indicate that lifestyle and social support can predict 34% of changes in maternal identity. Education is indirectly related to maternal identity and the age variable has no significant relationship with maternal identity. Although maternal identity is a choice among women, it can be said that despite the independence of women's identity, it is still another identity, namely the child as an element of identity for women.

Afghanistan since 1979 has been facing acute political, social and cultural developments such as the invasion of the Soviet army, the establishment of Soviet-backed Communist Quadrants, the sacred jihad against aliens and their expulsion from Afghanistan, the start of civil wars, the emergence of radical groups such as the Taliban, the Haqqani network, and al-Qaeda, Housing women and girls and closing school doors to them, migration, suicide and explosions have had profound and negative effects on the minds of the Afghan people, especially women.One of the highlights in today's Afghan poetry is the female character and issues of Afghan women. In this article, the type of social look at women, the female personality, the impact of people's lives, customs, contemporary government behavior and developments on the fate of women and the like reflected in contemporary Afghan poetry is analyzed. One of the unfortunate effects of this instability in Afghanistan was to marginalize women in society and politics and to disregard their rights and thus to victimize women in various ways. In addition to reflecting women's suffering oppression, poets emphasize women's emancipation and respect for their rights and they have rejected violence and humiliation against women and ridiculous views of the mass and sexism.